Mechanical Materials, Introduction to Mechanical Materials
Đăng bởi noidung - 14:43 25/05/2022
Mechanical Materials, Introduction to Mechanical Materials
1.1.1. Overview of mechanical
materials Mechanical materials are the materials that people use in mechanical production to create products for life such as machines, equipment, construction works, houses…
Common material groups used in industry are: metal materials, inorganic materials – ceramics, organic materials – polymers, composite materials – composites. In which:
– Metallic materials (Figure 1.1 – a): are good conductors of electricity, have metallic luster, have good plastic deformation ability even at normal temperatures, and are chemically unstable. Common metal materials are steel, cast iron, copper, aluminum … and their alloys, this is also a group of materials used mainly in mechanical production and is the main subject of the subject.
– Inorganic materials – ceramic (Figure 1.1 – b): are poor conductors of electricity, do not deform plastically and are very brittle, very chemically stable and melt at very high temperatures. Common ceramic materials are ceramic, porcelain, glass, ordinary brick and refractory brick…
– Organic materials – polymers (Figure 1.1 – c): are poor conductors of electricity, capable of plastic deformation at heat high temperature, chemically stable at room temperature, melting or decomposing at relatively low temperature. The two main constituent elements in this material are carbon and hydrogen. Common natural organic materials are wood, rubber and artificial organic materials such as polyethylene (PE), polyvinylchloride (PVC)…
– Composite material – composite (Figure 1.1 – d): is a material made up of a combination of two or more other materials, for example: reinforced concrete, a combination of metal and polymer, or between polymer and ceramic…
1.1.2. The importance of metals and alloys
In the groups of materials mentioned above, metal materials play a decisive role in the development of society and technology. It is the basic material for making machines and constructions. The continuous development of moving machines and machine tools is associated with the development of metal materials with increasingly high performance.
Every time people find a new material, with its superior properties, it is a time to promote labor productivity and open up new sciences such as:
– The emergence of aluminum alloy manufacturing technology Hard metal Dura (1903) helped the aviation and rocket industry to have a leap forward development.
– A variety of other materials are also manufactured and widely applied in the mechanical industry such as: austenitic stainless steel (1912), titanium alloy (1960), high-strength structural steel (1965), glass metal (1990), memory metal (1990)…
Today, scientists continue to research in order to create new alloys with increasingly superior features in terms of mechanical properties and some physical and chemical properties. special chemistry. Successes in the research and manufacture of new materials have played an important role in the development of the world.
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